CCNA Exam Certification Guide (CCNA Exam 640-407)

Wendell Odom, Cisco Press

ISBN:0735700737, Edition: , 1999-03

Price: $60.00

Table of Contents

1 What Is CCNA? ~ 2
CCNA Exam Philosophy ~ 4
What Cisco Says about CCNA ~ 4
What We Can Infer from What Cisco States ~ 5
Summary of the CCNA Exam Philosophy ~ 6
CCNA Exam Preparation Philosophy ~ 7
Core Chapters Match the Major Topics in the CCNA Objectives ~ 7
Determining Your Strengths and Weaknesses ~ 7
Questions and Exercises That Are Harder Than the Actual Exam ~ 8
Scenarios for Final Preparation ~ 9
Simulated Testing on the CD ~ 9
Summary of the CCNA Exam Preparation Philosophy ~ 9
Analysis of CCNA Training Paths ~ 10
Cisco’s Recommended Courses ~ 11
Analysis of Prerequisite Courses ~ 17
The 60 Stated CCNA Objectives ~ 19
List and Interpretation of the 60 Stated CCNA Objectives ~ 20
Cross Reference to Book Chapters Covering an Objective ~ 29
Cross Reference to Objectives Covered in Each Chapter ~ 32
A Game Plan for CCNA Success ~ 32
Your Final Preparation for the Exam ~ 33
Summary ~ 33

2 Understanding Cisco’s Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Software ~ 34
How to Best Use This Chapter ~ 35
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 36
Foundation Topics ~ 39
Routers: The IOS and Its User Interface ~ 39
Hardware Review ~ 39
Internetwork Operating System (IOS) ~ 41
The Command-Line Interface (CLI) ~ 41
Commands Made Easier on the CLI ~ 43
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) ~ 45
Routers: Configuration Processes and the Configuration File ~ 46
Example Configuration Process ~ 49
Managing Configuration Files ~ 51
Routers: Managing IOS Images ~ 56
Upgrading an IOS Image into Flash Memory ~ 57
Choosing Which IOS Image to Load ~ 59
Q&A ~ 61
Scenarios ~ 64
Scenario 2-1 ~ 64
Questions on Scenario 2-1 ~ 65
Scenario 2-2 ~ 66
Questions on Scenario 2-2 ~ 66
Answers to Scenarios ~ 69
Scenario 2-1 Answers ~ 69
Scenario 2-2 Answers ~ 69

3 Understanding the OSI Reference Model ~ 70
How to Best Use This Chapter ~ 71
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 72
Foundation Topics ~ 75
The OSI, TCP/IP, and Novell NetWare Network Protocol Architectures ~ 75
OSI: Origin and Evolution ~ 75
OSI Layers ~ 76
Layering Benefits and Concepts ~ 79
Layer Interactions ~ 80
Connection-Oriented Protocols, Connectionless Protocols, and Flow Control ~ 87
A Close Examination of OSI Data-Link (Layer 2) Functions ~ 94
A Close Examination of OSI Layer 3 Functions ~ 102
Q&A ~ 110
Scenarios ~ 112
Scenario 3-1 ~ 112
Scenario Answers ~ 115
Answers to Task 1 for Scenario 3-1 ~ 115
Answers to Task 2 for Scenario 3-1 ~ 115
Answers to Task 3 for Scenario 3-1 ~ 117

4 Understanding LANs and LAN Switching ~ 120
How to Best Use This Chapter ~ 122
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 123
Foundation Topics ~ 126
LAN Overview ~ 126
MAC Addresses ~ 128
Ethernet Standards and Operation ~ 130
Fast Ethernet ~ 133
Ethernet LAN Segmentation ~ 134
LAN Segmentation Advantages (CCNA Objective 46) ~ 135
Transparent Bridging ~ 135
LAN Segmentation Using Routers ~ 139
LAN Segmentation Using Switches ~ 141
LAN Switching and Virtual LANs ~ 145
Virtual LANs ~ 149
Spanning-Tree Protocol ~ 152
How the Spanning-Tree Protocol Works ~ 155
Noticing and Reacting to Changes in Network Topology ~ 159
Reacting to Changes in the Spanning Tree ~ 160
Q&A ~ 166

5 Network Protocols: Understanding the TCP/IP Suite and Novell NetWare Protocols ~ 168
How to Best Use This Chapter ~ 169
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 170
Foundation Topics ~ 173
Functions at Each Layer ~ 173
Transmission Control Protocol ~ 173
User Datagram Protocol ~ 177
Address Resolution Protocol ~ 179
Internet Control Message Protocol ~ 180
IP Addressing and Subnetting ~ 184
IP Addressing Basics: Terminology and Concepts ~ 184
IP Subnetting ~ 191
Dissecting IP Addresses: Deriving Subnet Numbers ~ 197
Dissecting IP Addresses: Deriving Broadcast Addresses ~ 202
Configuration of IP ~ 204
Using Secondary Addresses ~ 213
IP Addressing with Frame Relay Subinterfaces ~ 215
IPX Addressing and Routing ~ 217
Internal Networks and Encapsulation Types ~ 219
Configuration of IPX ~ 223
Q&A ~ 232
Scenarios ~ 235
Scenario 5-1: IP Addressing and Subnet Calculation ~ 235
Scenario 5-2: IP Subnet Design with a Class B Network ~ 238
Scenario 5-3: IP Subnet Design with a Class C Network ~ 239
Scenario 5-4: IPX Examination ~ 240
Scenario 5-5: IPX Configuration ~ 247
Scenario Answers ~ 249
Answers to Scenario 5-1: IP Addressing and Subnet Calculation ~ 249
Answers to Scenario 5-2: IP Subnet Design with a Class B Network ~ 250
Answers to Task 1 for Scenario 5-2 ~ 250
Answers to Task 2 for Scenario 5-2 ~ 251
Answers to Task 3 for Scenario 5-2 ~ 252
Answers to Scenario 5-3: IP Subnet Design with a Class C Network ~ 253
Answers to Task 1 for Scenario 5-3 ~ 253
Answers to Task 2 for Scenario 5-3 ~ 254
Answers to Task 3 for Scenario 5-3 ~ 255
Answers to Scenario 5-4: IPX Examination ~ 256
Answers to Scenario 5-5: IPX Configuration ~ 258
Answers to Task 1 for Scenario 5-5 ~ 258
Answers to Task 2 for Scenario 5-5 ~ 259
Answers to Task 3 for Scenario 5-5 ~ 260

6 Understanding Routing ~ 262
How to Best Use This Chapter ~ 263
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 264
Foundation Topics ~ 267
How Distance Vector Routing Protocols Work ~ 267
Distance Vector Routing Protocols ~ 270
Configuration of RIP and IGRP ~ 280
The network Command ~ 281
Split-Horizon and Infinity ~ 284
IPX RIP, Plus SAP and GNS ~ 291
Integrated Routing Protocols ~ 298
Q&A ~ 303
Scenarios ~ 305
Scenario 6-1: IP Configuration 1 ~ 305
Scenario 6-2: IP Configuration 2 ~ 306
Scenario 6-3: IP Addressing and Subnet Derivation ~ 308
Scenario 6-4: IPX Examination ~ 314
Scenario Answers ~ 323
Answers to Scenario 6-1: IP Configuration 1 ~ 323
Answers to Scenario 6-2: IP Configuration 2 ~ 326
Answers to Scenario 6-3: IP Addressing and Subnet Derivation ~ 328
Answers to Scenario 6-4: IPX Examination ~ 330

7 Understanding Network Security ~ 334
How to Best Use This Chapter ~ 335
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 336
Foundation Topics ~ 339
Filtering IP Traffic ~ 339
Standard IP Access Lists ~ 341
Extended IP Access Lists ~ 344
Named IP Access Lists ~ 351
Access List Summary ~ 353
Filtering IPX Traffic and SAPs ~ 354
Q&A ~ 366
Scenarios ~ 369
Scenario 7-1: IP Filtering Sample 1 ~ 369
Scenario 7-2: IP Filtering Sample 2 ~ 370
Scenario 7-3: IP Filtering Sample 3 ~ 370
Scenario 7-4: IPX Filtering ~ 371
Scenario Answers ~ 374
Answers to Scenario 7-1: IP Filtering Sample 1 ~ 374
Answers to Scenario 7-2: IP Filtering Sample 2 ~ 374
Answers to Scenario 7-3: IP Filtering Sample 3 ~ 375
Answers to Scenario 7-4: IPX Filtering ~ 376
Answers to Task 1 for Scenario 7-4 ~ 376
Answers to Task 2 for Scenario 7-4 ~ 377
Answers to Task 3 for Scenario 7-4 ~ 378

8 WAN Protocols: Understanding Point-to-Point, Frame Relay, and ISDN ~ 380
How to Best Use This Chapter ~ 381
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 382
Foundation Topics ~ 385
Point-to-Point Leased Lines ~ 385
HDLC and PPP Configuration ~ 388
PPP ~ 389
Frame Relay Protocols ~ 390
How Address Mapping Works ~ 402
Frame Relay Configuration ~ 408
ISDN Protocols and Design ~ 421
Multilink PPP ~ 432
ISDN Configuration ~ 433
Q&A ~ 437
Scenarios ~ 440
Scenario 8-1: Point-to-Point Verification ~ 440
Scenario 8-2: Frame Relay Verification ~ 445
Scenario 8-3: Point-to-Point Configuration ~ 451
Scenario 8-4: Frame Relay Configuration ~ 453
Scenario 8-5: Frame Relay Configuration Dissection ~ 455
Answers to Scenarios ~ 458
Answers to Scenario 8-1: Point-to-Point Verification ~ 458
Answers to Scenario 8-2: Frame Relay Verification ~ 459
Answers to Scenario 8-3: Point-to-Point Configuration ~ 461
Answers to Scenario 8-4: Frame Relay Configuration ~ 464
Answers to Scenario 8-5: Frame Relay Configuration Dissection ~ 469

9 Scenarios for Final Preparation ~ 472
How to Best Use This Chapter ~ 474
Scenario 9-1 ~ 474
Scenario 9-1a—Planning ~ 475
Scenario 9-1a—Planning Answers ~ 477
Scenario 9-1b—Configuration ~ 478
Scenario 9-1b—Configuration Answers ~ 479
Scenario 9-1c—Verification and Questions ~ 480
Scenario 9-1c—Verification and Questions Answers ~ 489
Scenario 9-2 ~ 490
Scenario 9-2a—Planning ~ 491
Scenario 9-2a—Planning Answers ~ 492
Scenario 9-2b—Configuration ~ 494
Scenario 9-2b—Configuration Answers ~ 494
Scenario 9-2c—Verification and Questions ~ 496
Scenario 9-2c—Verification and Questions Answers ~ 505
Scenario 9-3 ~ 507
Scenario 9-3a—Planning ~ 507
Scenario 9-3a—Planning Answers ~ 510
Scenario 9-3b—Configuration ~ 512
Scenario 9-3b—Configuration Answers ~ 512
Scenario 9-3c—Verification and Questions ~ 515
Scenario 9-3c—Verification and Questions Answers ~ 528

A Decimal to Hexadecimal and Binary Conversion Table ~ 530

B Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Q&A Sections ~ 540
Answers to the Chapter 2 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 541
Answers to the Chapter 2 Q&A Section ~ 543
Answers to the Chapter 3 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 549
Answers to the Chapter 3 Q&A Section ~ 550
Answers to the Chapter 4 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 555
Answers to the Chapter 4 Q&A Section ~ 557
Answers to the Chapter 5 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 562
Answers to the Chapter 5 Q&A Section ~ 564
Answers to the Chapter 6 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 573
Answers to the Chapter 6 Q&A Section ~ 574
Answers to the Chapter 7 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 579
Answers to the Chapter 7 Q&A Section ~ 581
Answers to the Chapter 8 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz ~ 587
Answers to the Chapter 8 Q&A Section ~ 588

Index 595